To help you make the best decision in 2025, here are 10 important questions every Indian should ask before buying health insurance.

1. What is covered and what is not?

Not all policies cover the same treatments. Ask:
Does it cover hospitalization, ICU charges, daycare treatments (such as chemotherapy), and modern treatments (robotic surgery, stem cell therapy)?
Are pre-existing illnesses covered after a waiting period? (usually 2-4 years in India)
Does it cover AYUSH treatments (Ayurveda, homeopathy, etc.)?
Red Flag: If the insurer avoids giving a clear answer, reconsider!

2. What’s the Claim Settlement Ratio (CSR)?

A high CSR (above 90%) means fewer claim rejections.
Check IRDAI’s latest report (e.g., 2024 data shows HDFC Ergo at 98%, while some PSU insurers are below 85%).
Also, check claim settlement time—some insurers delay for months.

3. Are There Sub-Limits or Co-Pay Clauses?

Many policies have hidden caps, like:

• Room rent limit (e.g., only ₹5,000/day in a ₹10,000 hospital room).
• Disease-wise sub-limits (e.g., only ₹50,000 for cataract surgery).
• Co-pay (you pay 20%, and the insurer pays 80%).

 Pro Tip: Zero sub-limit policies (like Niva Bupa ReAssure) are better but costlier.

4. Does It Offer Cashless Hospitalization?

 Cashless = No upfront payment in-network hospitals.
Check if your preferred hospitals (Apollo, Fortis, etc.) are in their network.

 Warning: Some insurers deny cashless last minute, forcing reimbursement claims.

5. What’s the Waiting Period for Pre-Existing Diseases?

Most insurers impose a 2-4-year waiting period for diabetes, hypertension, etc.
 Look for: Policies with reduced waiting periods (e.g., 1 year in Care Health Insurance).

6. Does It Cover Critical Illnesses?

Critical illness cover (cancer, heart attack, etc.) gives a lump sum payout.
Check if it covers new-age diseases (e.g., post-COVID complications).
 Standalone critical illness plans (like ICICI Pru Heart/Cancer Protect) can supplement your base policy.

7. Is There a No-Claim Bonus (NCB)?

NCB = Reward for not claiming (e.g., 10-50% increase in sum insured).
 Best in 2025: HDFC Ergo & Star Health offer lifetime NCB accumulation.

8. What’s the Renewability Policy?

 Lifetime renewability is a must (especially after age 60).
Avoid policies with age-based renewal restrictions.

9. Are Maternity & Newborn Benefits Included?

 Waiting period: Usually 2-4 years.
 Coverage: Normal/C-section delivery, newborn baby cover (for 90 days).
 Best for 2025: Aditya Birla Activ Health & Manipal Cigna offer good maternity riders.

10. How Much Will Premiums Increase Over Time?

 Many insurers hike premiums drastically after claims or age 50+.
 Ask: “What’s the maximum premium increase per year?”
 Compare long-term costs using IRDAI’s premium calculator.

Final Verdict: Best Health Insurance Picks for 2025

Pro Tip: Use PolicyBazaar/InsureMile to compare policies in 2 minutes!

Your Turn!

Which health insurance policy do you use? Share your experience in the comments!

Found this helpful? Share with family — health insurance mistakes can cost lakhs!

In this blog, we will cover the following:

Understanding the difference between ITR-1, ITR-2 and ITR-3
Documents required for filing ITR
Step-by-step process to file these ITR forms online
Common mistakes to avoid while filing your return
Let’s get started!

What is ITR form?

An income tax return (ITR) form is a document filed with the Income Tax Department, declaring your income, deductions and tax liability for a financial year. The type of ITR form you need to file depends on your source of income, such as salary, business or capital gains.

Difference Between ITR-1, ITR-2, and ITR-3

ITR-1 (Sahaj)

Who Should File: Individuals with income from:

• Salary or pension
• One house property (not involving a carry-forward loss)
• Other sources (like interest income)

Who Should NOT File:

• Income above ₹50 lakh
• Capital gains or foreign income
• Agricultural income exceeding ₹5,000

ITR-2

Who Should File:

Individuals and HUFs with income from:

• Salary or pension
• Multiple house properties
• Capital gains
• Foreign income and assets

Who Should NOT File:

• Income from business or profession (use ITR-3 or ITR-4)

ITR-3

Who Should File:

Individuals and HUFs with:

• Income from business or profession
• Income as a partner in a firm
• Income from salary, house property, or other sources

Who Should NOT File:

• Taxpayers opting for the presumptive taxation scheme (use ITR-4)

Documents Required for ITR Filing

Before you start filing ITR online, keep the following documents handy:

• PAN Card
• Aadhaar Card
• Form 16 (for salaried individuals)
• Form 26AS (for TDS details)
• Bank account details
• Investment proof (80C, 80D, etc.)
• Capital gains statements (for ITR-2 and ITR-3)
• Profit and Loss Account, Balance Sheet (for ITR-3)

Step-by-step guide to file ITR-1, ITR-2 and ITR-3 online in 2025

Filing ITR online is simple if you follow these steps carefully:

Step 1: Visit the Income Tax e-Filing Portal

• Go to www.incometax.gov.in.
• Click on ‘Login’ and enter your PAN, password, and captcha.

Step 2: Select the Appropriate ITR Form

Click on ‘e-File’ and select ‘Income Tax Return’.
Choose the assessment year as 2025-26.
Select the appropriate ITR form based on your income:

• ITR-1 for salaried individuals
• ITR-2 for multiple income sources, capital gains
• ITR-3 for business and professional income

Step 3: Choose the Filing Method

• Choose ‘Online’ mode for quick filing.
• Click on ‘Start New Filing’ and select the ITR form.

Step 4: Fill in the Required Details

Personal Information: Verify your name, PAN, Aadhaar, and contact details.

Income Details:

• Salary, house property, and other income sources
• Capital gains (for ITR-2 and ITR-3)
• Business income details (for ITR-3)

Deductions and Exemptions:

• Enter deductions under Section 80C, 80D, and 80G
• Claim any eligible tax exemptions

Step 5: Validate and Preview the Return

• Click on ‘Preview’ to review all the details entered.
• Validate to ensure no errors or discrepancies.

Step 6: Calculate and Pay Tax (if applicable)

If you have any outstanding tax liability, pay it using:

• Net banking
• Debit card
• UPI

After payment, download the challan receipt.

Step 7: Submit and Verify Your Return

Click on ‘Submit’ to file the ITR.
Choose one of the following methods to verify your return:

• e-Verify using Aadhaar OTP
• Net banking
• Send a signed ITR-V to CPC, Bengaluru (if not e-verified)

Common mistakes to avoid while filing ITR

Choosing the wrong ITR form
Make sure you choose the right form based on your type of income.

Not verifying your ITR
Unverified ITRs are considered invalid, so always e-verify after submission.

Incorrect bank details
Double-check your bank account details to avoid refund delays.

Ignoring Form 26AS
Cross-verify TDS details with Form 26AS before filing to avoid mismatches.

Due Dates for ITR Filing in 2025

• For Individuals (Non-Audit Cases): July 31, 2025
• For Audit Cases: October 31, 2025
• Revised Return: December 31, 2025

Final Thoughts: Be compliant and file your ITR correctly

Filing your income tax return (ITR) correctly is crucial to avoid penalties and ensure timely refunds. Whether you are filing ITR-1, ITR-2, or ITR-3, following this step-by-step guide for 2025 will make the process smooth and error-free.

Pro tip: Always review your details thoroughly and verify your return to successfully complete the filing.

If you are looking for a simple, step-by-step guide to filing GST returns online in 2025, you are in the right place. This blog will tell you about:

Different types of GST returns
Documents required for filing GST
Step-by-step instructions for filing GST online
Common mistakes to avoid while filing GST returns

Let’s get straight to the point!

What is a GST return?

A GST return is a document that taxpayers have to file with the Goods and Services Tax (GST) department to declare details of their income, sales, purchases, and tax liability. Based on this information, the government calculates the tax payable or the refund amount.

Types of GST Returns in India

1. GSTR-1: Details of outward supplies

• Who should file: Businesses with outward supplies of goods and services
• Due date: 11th of the following month
• Purpose: To declare sales and issue invoices

2. GSTR-3B: Summary return for tax payments

• Who should file: All regular taxpayers
• Due date: 20th of the following month
• Purpose: Summary of outward and inward supplies and tax payments

3. GSTR-4: Quarterly return for composition scheme

• Who should file: Taxpayers under the composition scheme
• Due date: 18th of the month following the end of the quarter
• Purpose: Quarterly statement of consolidated tax liability

4. GSTR-5: Return for non-resident taxable persons

• Who should file: Non-resident foreign taxpayers
• Due date: 20th of the following month
• Purpose: To declare transactions and pay taxes

5. GSTR-9: Annual GST Return

• Who should file: Regular taxpayers who file GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B
• Due Date: 31st December of the next financial year
• Purpose: Consolidated summary of GST returns filed throughout the year

Documents Required for GST Return Filing

Before you proceed to file your GST returns online, ensure you have the following documents ready:

• GSTIN (Goods and Services Tax Identification Number)
• Sales invoices and purchase invoices
• Debit and credit notes
• Input tax credit (ITC) documents
• Bank statements (if required)

Step-by-Step Guide to Filing GST Returns Online (2025 Edition)

Filing GST returns online is an easy process if you follow the right steps. Here is a detailed guide to help you:

Step 1: Login to the GST Portal

• Visit the official GST portal at www.gst.gov.in.
• Enter your username, password, and captcha to log in.

Step 2: Go to ‘Returns Dashboard’

• Click on the ‘Services’ tab at the top.
• Select ‘Returns’ and click on ‘Returns Dashboard’.

Step 3: Select the return period

• Select the financial year and month for which you want to file the return.
• Click on ‘Search’ to proceed.

Step 4: Choose the relevant GST return form

Based on your business type and activity, choose the appropriate form:

• GSTR-1 for outward supplies
• GSTR-3B for summary returns
• GSTR-4 for composition taxpayers

Step 5: Enter the required details

Fill in the relevant information:

• Sales and purchase data
• Tax liability and payments
• Input tax credit (ITC) claims

Double-check the details to avoid any errors.

Step 6: Validate and submit the return

• Click on ‘Preview’ to review the details entered.
• Click on ‘Submit’ to freeze the details.
• Proceed to ‘File Return’ with DSC or EVC for authentication.

Step 7: Pay GST liability (if applicable)

If any tax liability is outstanding, use the available payment options:

• Net Banking
• Credit or Debit Card
• NEFT/RTGS

Once the payment is successful, the status of the return will change to ‘Filed’.

Common mistakes to avoid while filing GST returns

Incorrect reporting of sales and purchases
Always ensure that your outward and inward supply data matches the generated invoices.

Failure to match input tax credit (ITC)
Verify your ITC claims against GSTR-2A/2B to avoid mismatches.

Missing GST return filing deadlines
Late filing attracts penalties and interest. Set reminders for due dates to maintain compliance.

Errors in tax calculations
Double-check tax rates and calculations to avoid discrepancies

Penalty for delay in filing GST returns

Failure to file GST returns on time will attract a penalty of:

• For nil returns: ₹20 per day (₹10 CGST + ₹10 SGST)
• For other returns: ₹50 per day (₹25 CGST + ₹25 SGST)

If the delay exceeds 30 days, additional penalty and interest charges will be applicable.

Final Thoughts: Comply, Get Going

Filing GST returns online may seem challenging initially, but with this step-by-step guide for 2025, you can ensure smooth compliance and avoid penalties. Whether you are a small business owner, freelancer, or service provider, paying attention to your GST filing obligations helps maintain a clean financial record and promotes business growth.

Pro Tip: Set reminders for GST filing deadlines and double-check your data before submission to avoid costly errors.

If you are wondering how to maximize your tax savings in 2025, this guide is for you. Here is a step-by-step description:

• What do Sections 80C, 80D and 80G offer
• Best investment options to claim tax deductions
• Tips to optimize your tax planning for 2025

Let’s find out how you can save maximum income tax this year!

Understanding Sections 80C, 80D and 80G

Section 80C: Popular tax-saving investments

Section 80C allows taxpayers to claim a deduction of up to ₹1.5 lakh per financial year by investing in approved instruments. This is the most popular section for tax-saving investments.

Best Investment Options under Section 80C

Public Provident Fund (PPF)

• Lock-in period: 15 years
• Returns: ~7.1% (tax-free)
• Tax benefits: Full exemption on returns and maturity

Pro tip: PPF is ideal for investors who want to accumulate wealth over the long term.

Equity-linked Savings Scheme (ELSS)

• Lock-in period: 3 years (lowest among 80C options)
• Returns: 12-15% (market-linked)
• Tax benefits: Gains above ₹1 lakh will be taxed at 10% as LTCG

Pro tip: ELSS is suitable for investors who have a higher risk appetite and are looking for higher returns.

National Pension System (NPS)

• Lock-in period: Till retirement (partial withdrawals are allowed)
• Returns: 8-10% (market-linked)
• Tax benefits: Additional deduction of ₹50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B)

Pro tip: NPS is ideal for retirement planning with wealth creation for the long term.

Life insurance premium

• Lock-in period: Minimum 2 years
• Tax benefits: Premiums paid for self, spouse, and children are eligible for deduction.

Pro tip: Consider term insurance plans for high coverage at a low cost.

Tax-saving fixed deposits (FDs)

• Lock-in period: 5 years
• Returns: ~5-6% (taxable)
• Tax benefits: The principal amount is eligible for deduction under 80C.

Pro tip: Choose FDs only if you want guaranteed returns with minimal risk.

Total maximum deduction under Section 80C: ₹1,50,000

Section 80D: Health Insurance Premium

Section 80D allows taxpayers to claim a deduction for health insurance premiums paid for themselves, family, and their parents.

Deductions available under Section 80D:

• For self, spouse and children: Up to ₹25,000 (₹50,000 for senior citizens)
• For parents:
  – Up to ₹25,000 (if parents are below 60 years of age)
  – Up to ₹50,000 (if parents are senior citizens)

Additional deduction for preventive health check-up

Additional deduction of ₹5,000 for preventive health check-up is included in the ₹25,000/₹50,000 limit.

Pro tip: Choose a family floater policy to maximize tax benefits while ensuring comprehensive health coverage.

Overall maximum deduction under Section 80D: ₹1,00,000 (if both taxpayer and parents are senior citizens)

Section 80G: Donations to charitable organizations

Section 80G provides a deduction for donations made to specified charitable organizations. This deduction encourages philanthropy and supports social causes.

Types of charities eligible under 80G:

100% deduction (without limit):

• Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF)
• National Defence Fund
• Swachh Bharat Kosh

50% deduction (without limit):

• Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund
• Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund

Donations with a limit of 10% of adjusted gross income:

• Educational and charitable institutions
• Local authorities for promoting family planning

Pro tip: Always keep the receipts and 80G certificate handy to claim the deduction.

Total maximum deduction under Section 80G: Varies depending on the type of donation

How to maximize tax savings under Section 80C, 80D and 80G

Use the full limit of ₹1.5 lakh under 80C
Choose a mix of safe and high-return investments to diversify your portfolio while maximizing tax benefits.

Buy adequate health insurance for yourself and parents
Claim deduction for health insurance premiums and preventive health checkups under Section 80D.

Make strategic charitable donations under 80G
Donate to recognized charitable institutions and claim a deduction while contributing to a good cause.

Invest in NPS for additional deduction
Avail an additional deduction of ₹50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B) by investing in NPS.

Plan your taxes before March 31, 2025
Make sure all your investments and donations are made before the end of the financial year to claim the deduction.

Final Thoughts: Save Wisely, Save More in 2025!

By effectively using Sections 80C, 80D, and 80G, you can save a substantial amount on taxes while securing your future. Whether it is investing in ELSS, buying health insurance,e or contributing to charity, these tax-saving avenues allow you to reduce taxable income and grow your wealth over time.

Pro tip: Plan your tax-saving strategy at the beginning of the financial year to make the most of these deductions.

In this step-by-step guide to 2025, we will cover the following:

What is venture capital
How the venture capital process works
The stages of VC funding
The advantages and disadvantages of venture capital
How startups can attract venture capital

Let’s dive into the world of VC and learn how it fuels the next big innovations!

What is Venture Capital?

Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity where investors provide capital to startups and early-stage companies with high growth potential. These investors, known as venture capitalists, invest in exchange for an equity or ownership stake in the company.

• Purpose: To fund innovative startups and help them grow faster.
• Risk factor: High-risk investments with the potential for high returns.

Who are Venture Capitalists?

Venture capitalists (VCs) are institutional investors, high-net-worth individuals, or VC firms that provide capital to startups. They play a key role in the following:

• Identifying startups with high-growth potential
• Providing financial and strategic support
• Helping startups grow and dominate the market

How does venture capital work? Step-by-step process

The venture capital process typically follows a structured path. Here is a step-by-step description to help you understand it:

1⃣ Discovery and identification of potential startups

VC firms actively seek out promising startups in industries with high growth potential. They leverage:

• Industry conferences
• Startup pitch events
• Network connections and referrals

Pro tip: Startups with scalable business models and innovative solutions often attract VCs’ interest.

2⃣ Initial screening and evaluation

Once a startup is identified, VCs conduct an initial screening to assess the following:

• Market potential and size
• Founder’s experience and approach
• Unique value proposition (UVP)

Startups that pass this initial stage move on to intensive due diligence.

3⃣ Due diligence and business analysis

Due diligence is a crucial step, where VCs perform the following:

• Financial analysis and revenue model
• Competitive landscape study
• Legal and compliance checks

Goal: To minimize risk and ensure the startup has a viable business model.

4⃣ Negotiation and term sheet agreement

If the startup completes due diligence, the VC provides a term sheet, which outlines the following:

• Investment amount and equity percentage
• Board seats and decision-making rights
• Exit strategy and timeline

Pro tip: Startups should review the term sheet carefully and negotiate terms that align with their long-term goals.

5⃣ Funding and capital injection

Once the term sheet is finalized, VCs release funds in tranches based on agreed milestones.

• Funding rounds include:
• Seed funding – for product development and early growth.
• Series A, B, C… – for scaling, market expansion and acquisitions.

6⃣ Mentorship and strategic guidance

VCs provide more than just capital. They actively advise startups:

• Industry knowledge and connections
• Business development support
• Talent acquisition and leadership guidance

VCs play a hands-on role in ensuring that startups reach milestones and grow successfully.

7⃣ Exit strategy and profit realization

After 5-7 years, VCs make a profit by exiting their investment through:

• Initial public offering (IPO) – getting listed on the stock market.
• Acquisition or merger – selling to a larger company.
• Secondary sale – selling your stake to another investor.

Goal: maximizing returns and deliver high profits to the VC firm and its investors.

Stages of Venture Capital Funding

Venture capital funding typically occurs in multiple rounds, each catering to different stages of growth:

1. Seed Stage

Purpose: Develop the product and test the market.
Funding Amount: ₹50 lakh – ₹5 crore

2. Series A

Purpose: Scale operations and optimize the product.
Funding Amount: ₹5 crore – ₹100 crore

3. Series B

Purpose: Expand market reach and strengthen business operations.
Funding Amount: ₹100 crore – ₹400 crore

4. Series C and Beyond

Purpose: Market expansion, acquisitions, and IPO preparation.
Funding Amount: ₹400 crore+

Pros and Cons of Venture Capital

Pros:
Access to large-scale funding
Strategic mentorship and industry connections
Higher chances of rapid growth and scaling

Cons:
Dilution of ownership and control
Pressure to meet aggressive growth targets
High expectations for an exit within 5-7 years

How to Attract Venture Capital for Your Startup

If you’re a startup looking to raise venture capital, follow these steps:

1. Build a Solid Business Plan

Create a clear, detailed business plan highlighting:

• Problem and solution
• Revenue model and target market
• Scalability and growth projections

2. Develop a Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Showcase a working prototype or MVP that demonstrates product viability.

3. Network and Build Relationships

Connect with VC firms, angel investors, and accelerators to increase your chances of funding.

4. Demonstrate Traction and Market Fit

Highlight customer acquisition, revenue growth, and market demand to gain VC interest.

5. Perfect Your Pitch Deck

Prepare a compelling pitch deck that effectively communicates your startup’s vision, strategy, and growth potential.

Final Thoughts: Is Venture Capital Right for Your Startup?

Venture capital provides growth opportunities and financial support that can transform startups into market leaders. However, it also comes with several challenges, including a loss of control and pressure to achieve rapid growth.

Pro Tip: Carefully evaluate your startup’s goals and assess whether venture capital is in line with your long-term vision.

If you are looking to diversify your investment portfolio and invest in emerging businesses, SME IPOs in 2025 could be your golden opportunity!

In this blog, we will discuss the following topics:

The concept of SME IPO
Top 10 upcoming SME IPOs to keep an eye on in 2025
Why you should consider investing in SME IPOs
How to invest in SME IPOs

Let’s get started!

What is an SME IPO?

SME IPO (Small and Medium Enterprise Initial Public Offering) is a process in which small or medium-sized companies raise capital by issuing shares to the public. These companies get listed on platforms such as:

BSE SME – Bombay Stock Exchange Platform for SMEs
NSE Emerge – National Stock Exchange Platform for Emerging Businesses

SME IPOs offer investors a chance to invest early in promising businesses with high growth potential, often at lower valuations than mainboard IPOs.

Why should you consider investing in SME IPOs?

1. Early-stage investment opportunity

Investors can invest early and take advantage of the high growth potential as these companies grow.

2. Potential for high returns

Many SME IPOs have delivered multi-bagger returns within a few years of listing.

3. Portfolio Diversification

Investing in SMEs diversifies your portfolio, as it includes niche players in the market, who offer innovative offerings.

4. Government Support for SMEs

With various government initiatives supporting SME growth, these companies have a conducive environment to thrive.

Top 10 Upcoming SME IPOs to Watch in 2025

Here is a list of the most promising SME IPOs coming in 2025, that investors should keep on their radar:

1⃣ ABC Technologies Limited

• Industry: IT & Software Solutions
• Why Watch It: A fast-growing software company that offers innovative SaaS solutions to global clients.
• Growth Potential: High demand in the global IT sector makes this IPO attractive.

2⃣ Greenleaf Agro Limited

• Industry: Agri-Tech
• Why Watch It: A sustainable agriculture startup using IoT and AI to increase farming efficiency.
• Growth Potential: The growing focus on agri-tech innovation ensures future scalability.

3⃣ Wellness Pharma Limited

• Industry: Pharmaceuticals
• Why Watch It: A trusted name in manufacturing generic medicines with expansion plans in international markets.
• Growth Potential: The growing demand for affordable healthcare solutions drives future growth.

4⃣ Bright Solar Energy Limited

• Industry: Renewable Energy
• Why Watch It: A leading provider of solar energy solutions expanding into rural markets.
• Growth Potential: The government’s focus on green energy drives the demand for solar technologies.

5⃣ Finbridge Finance Limited

• Industry: Fintech & Lending Solutions
• Why Watch It: A digital lending platform that serves underserved SMEs with innovative lending models.
• Growth Potential: Fintech disruption in SME lending signals promising future returns.

6⃣ Ecobuild Construction Limited

• Industry: Sustainable Construction
• Why Watch It: A leader in eco-friendly construction technologies with a focus on sustainable infrastructure.
• Growth Potential: The demand for green buildings makes this company poised for future growth.

7⃣ Fashionnext Retail Limited

• Industry: Fashion & Lifestyle
• Why Watch It: An emerging fashion retail brand with a strong e-commerce presence.
• Growth Potential: The growing online retail industry ensures future scalability.

8⃣ Innomed Healthcare Limited

• Industry: Medical Devices
• Why Watch It: Manufacturer of innovative medical devices focused on improving healthcare outcomes.
• Growth Potential: Increasing demand for advanced medical technologies enhances future prospects.

9⃣ FoodQuest India Limited

• Industry: Food & Beverages
• Why Watch It: A fast-growing food processing company focusing on packaged organic foods.
• Growth Potential: The growing preference for healthy foods makes this IPO attractive.

TechEdge Solutions Limited

• Industry: IT & Cyber ​​Security
• Why Watch It: Cyber ​​security firm offers cutting-edge solutions to protect enterprises from cyber threats.
• Growth Potential: Growing cyber threats increase the need for advanced security solutions.

How to Invest in SME IPOs?

If you are interested in investing in these upcoming SME IPOs, follow these steps:

1. Open a demat and trading account

You will need a demat and trading account with a registered broker to apply for an IPO.

2. Check SME IPO details

Track upcoming SME IPOs on platforms like BSE SME and NSE Emerge to stay updated.

3. Apply through ASBA (Application Supported by Blocked Amount)

Use ASBA through your bank’s net banking portal to apply for an IPO and block funds.

4. Evaluate the company’s prospects

Before investing, do due diligence and assess the company’s financial position, growth potential, and industry trends.

Pros and cons of investing in SME IPOs

Pros:

High growth potential
Early-stage investment opportunities
Favorable government policies

Cons:

High volatility and risk
Limited liquidity compared to mainboard IPOs
The long investment horizon for returns

Final Thoughts: Is it worth considering an SME IPO in 2025?

SME IPOs present a high-risk, high-reward opportunity for investors looking to invest in emerging businesses that have immense growth potential. With India’s strong economic outlook and government support for SMEs, 2025 appears to be a promising year for SME IPOs.

Pro Tip: Always do thorough research, financial evaluation and stay updated with upcoming IPO listings to make an informed decision.

In this beginner’s guide to 2025, we’ll explore:

What is private equity
How private equity firms work
The benefits and risks of private equity investing
And how you can get involved

Let’s get started!

What is Private Equity?

Private equity (PE) refers to investments made directly in private companies or public companies that are later delisted from stock exchanges and made private. These investments are typically made by private equity firms, institutional investors or high-net-worth individuals with the goal of improving the company’s operations, increasing its value, and eventually selling it for a greater profit.

Example:
Imagine a small tech company that has great potential but doesn’t have the resources to expand. A private equity firm buys a significant stake, infuses capital, improves management, and expands operations. 5-7 years later, the firm sells the company at a much higher valuation, generating significant returns.

How Do Private Equity Firms Operate?

Private equity firms follow a structured process to maximize returns for their investors. Here’s how it works:

1⃣ Fundraising and Capital Collection

Private equity firms raise funds from institutional investors, pension funds, and high-net-worth individuals. This collected capital forms a private equity fund that the firm uses for investing.

2⃣ Sourcing and Screening Opportunities

Firms actively seek out undervalued or high-potential companies in various industries. They analyze these companies through due diligence to assess risks and future growth potential.

3⃣ Acquisitions and Ownership

Once a suitable company is identified, the firm purchases a controlling stake, often through a leveraged buyout (LBO), where borrowed funds are used to maximize returns.

4⃣ Operational improvement

The firm works closely with the company’s management to:
Optimize operations
Reduce costs
Expand market reach
Implement new growth strategies

5⃣ Exit strategy and profit realization

After 5-7 years, the private equity firm sells its stake through:

• Initial public offering (IPO)
• Merger or acquisition
• Secondary sale to another investor

Goal: Maximize returns for investors through a strategic exit.

Types of Private Equity Investments

Private equity investments fall into different categories depending on the stage and goals of the target company.

1. Venture Capital (VC)

Focus: Investing in early-stage startups with high growth potential.
Risk: High risk, but high returns if successful.

2. Growth Capital

Focus: Providing capital to already established companies that want to expand or restructure.
Risk: Moderate risk, ideal for scaling up operations.

3. Buyout (Leveraged Buyout – LBO)

Focus: Acquiring controlling stakes in mature companies using a mix of equity and borrowed funds.
Risk: Medium to high, depending on the performance of the company after acquisition.

4. Distressed or Special Situations

Focus: Investing in companies that are struggling financially but have potential for improvement.
Risk: High, but potential for improvement.

Benefits of investing in private equity

Private equity can deliver attractive returns and diversify an investor’s portfolio. Here are some of the main benefits:

1. Higher returns

Private equity investments often outperform public markets over the long term, delivering double-digit annual returns in successful cases.

2. Portfolio diversification

Including private equity in your investment portfolio reduces your dependence on public market volatility, adding an alternative asset class to your strategy.

3. Influence and control

Private equity investors often acquire a controlling interest, allowing them to influence key strategic decisions and drive growth.

4. Long-term value creation

PE firms implement strategic improvements that lead to sustainable long-term value growth for the company and its shareholders.

Risks of Private Equity Investments

While private equity offers lucrative opportunities, it also brings with it risks:

1. Lack of liquidity

Private equity investments are typically locked in for 5-10 years, making them less liquid than public market assets.

2. High entry barriers

Private equity often requires large minimum investments, making it inaccessible to small retail investors.

3. Market and operational risks

If the acquired company does not perform as expected, the firm could face significant losses.

How to get started with private equity

If you’re ready to explore the world of private equity, follow these steps:

1. Educate yourself

Start by understanding the fundamentals of private equity through books, online courses, and industry reports.

2. Identify potential investment opportunities

Search for private equity funds or venture capital firms that align with your investment goals.

3. Connect with private equity professionals

Network with fund managers, financial advisors, and industry experts and gain access to promising deals.

4. Consider investing through a PE fund or platform

For beginners, investing through a private equity fund or online platform offers a safe entry into the PE space.

The future of private equity in 2025 and beyond

The private equity landscape is evolving rapidly, with technology, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital transformation driving efficiencies in deal-making. In 2025, expect:

Greater focus on sustainable investing
Increased attention to ESG (environmental, social and governance) criteria
More opportunities in emerging markets

Final Thoughts: Is Private Equity Right for You?

Private equity offers high returns and portfolio diversification, but it also comes with several challenges. If you are an investor with a long-term outlook and a high-risk appetite, private equity can be a great addition to your investment strategy.

Pro Tip: Always do your due diligence and consult a financial advisor before making a private equity investment.

Here are 10 creative fundraising ideas that will really work in 2025 and beyond!

1. Hold a virtual art auction

With the rise of digital platforms, virtual events continue to dominate. Virtual art auctions offer a fun and interactive way to raise money while showcasing local artists.

How it works:

• Partner with local artists to raise donations or display their work.
• Host the auction on Zoom, Facebook Live, or Instagram Live.
• Bidding apps like BiddingOwl or Auction Ninja can be used to handle payments.

Pro tip: Create a “buy now” option for those who don’t want to wait for the bidding to end!

2. Hold an eSports gaming tournament

ESports will grow rapidly in 2025, and hosting a gaming tournament can attract a tech-savvy audience while raising funds.

How it works:

• Choose a popular game like Fortnite, PUBG, or Valorant.
• Charge an entry fee and give prizes to the winners.
• Stream the event on Twitch or YouTube to increase reach.

Why it works: Gamers are passionate and willing to contribute to causes they believe in.

3. Launch a podcast to share inspiring stories

Podcasting is a powerful way to connect with your audience on a deeper level. Share stories, interview donors and highlight success stories from your fundraising efforts.

How it works:

• Set up your podcast on a platform like Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or Google Podcasts.
• Promote your donation link during episodes.
• Offer exclusive behind-the-scenes content for premium subscribers.

Pro tip: Invite celebrities to reach more people.

4. Create a subscription box for a cause

Subscription boxes have gained a lot of popularity, and adding a charitable element to them makes them even more appealing.

How it works:

• Create a monthly box featuring handmade goods, sustainable products, or local cuisine.
• Offer different subscription tiers, with proceeds going toward your cause.
• Use a platform like Cratejoy or Subbly to manage subscriptions.

Bonus idea: Include a note sharing the impact of each purchase.

5. Hold a virtual photography contest

Virtual photography contests can encourage participation from people of all ages and generate buzz.

How it works:

• Set a theme (e.g., “beauty of nature,” “community hero,” etc.).
• Charge a small entry fee and invite participants to submit their best photos.
• Give prizes or feature winning entries on your website and social media.

Why it’s effective: Engaging contests build excitement and encourage social sharing.

6. Hold a “cook-off for a cause

Food brings people together, and virtual or in-person cook-offs are a fun and delicious way to raise funds.

How it works:

• Invite participants to cook their best dish.
• Charge an entry fee and let people vote for their favorite dish.
• Sell ​​recipe ebooks or host virtual cooking classes for extra income.

Pro tip: Partner with local chefs or influencers to attract more people.

7. Sell digital guides or ebooks

People are always looking for valuable content, and selling ebooks or digital guides on relevant topics can lead to steady income.

How it works:

• Write an informative guide related to your cause or industry.
• Promote the ebook through social media and email marketing.
• Offer a “pay what you want, give what you want” pricing model to encourage more donations.

Bonus tip: Bundle multiple guides for more donations.

8. Launch a virtual fitness challenge

Fitness challenges not only promote health but also inspire people to contribute to a good cause.

How it works:

• Set fitness goals like “run a 5K,” “walk 10,000 steps,” or “do yoga for 30 days.”
• Use a fitness tracking app like Strava or Fitbit to monitor progress.
• Encourage participants to ask for pledges or sponsorships for each milestone they achieve.

Pro tip: Create a leaderboard to add a competitive edge.

9. Host a “Talent Show for Charity”

Everyone loves a good talent show! A virtual or hybrid talent show is a great way to engage your community and raise funds.

How it works:

• Invite local artists, musicians, or even kids to showcase their talents.
• Sell tickets to the event or ask for donations during the show.
• Offer virtual voting with small donations to select the winner.

Why it’s effective: It’s fun, interactive, and brings the community together.

10. Partner with local businesses for a matching gift program

Matching gift programs can double the impact of every donation by partnering with local businesses.

How it works:

• Contact local businesses and ask them to make a donation equal to the donations made during a specific period.
• Promote the campaign through social media, email newsletters, and community channels.
• Highlight the business’s support to encourage more participation.

Pro tip: Promote these partnerships as part of a “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)” initiative.

Final thoughts: Creativity drives impact!

Fundraising in 2025 is all about creativity, engagement, and leveraging digital platforms to reach a wider audience. Whether it’s a virtual art auction or a fitness challenge, these ideas can help you not only meet your fundraising goals, but exceed them.

Pro tip: Optimize your website and donation page for mobile users and use social media to maximize reach.

Whether you’re starting a new job or it’s enrollment season at your current job, it’s important to make sure you’re getting everything you can from your health insurance plan. Even if you plan to stay on the same plan, you should still take the time to review a few things before signing up again.

Consider your family’s needs

If you are married and/or have children, think about what your family needs from a healthcare plan. Since coverage can change from year to year, it’s helpful to know which plan is best for your circumstances. For example, if you and your spouse have different healthcare needs, it may be beneficial to have different plans with different levels of coverage or different prices.

Pay attention to open enrollment

This is the eligibility window to enroll in or change an insurance plan. If you are purchasing health insurance through someone, open enrollment typically begins in the fall and can vary by state. If your employer offers health insurance, open enrollment can occur at any time throughout the year.

The open enrollment period is a good reminder to review your situation and make sure you and your family are getting everything you need from your healthcare plan.

Review your coverage options

If you’re considering an individual or family insurance plan other than an employer, think about the coverage you need when choosing a plan.

Individual health insurance plans are often categorized based on how much coverage they provide. For example, in the health insurance marketplace, plans are presented in “metal” categories: platinum, gold, silver and bronze, with “catastrophic” plans also available for some people.

The categories differ only in how you and your plan split costs, not in the quality of care.

Check premiums, co-pays, and deductibles

Insurance plans cover several types of out-of-pocket costs:

• You pay a premium for your coverage, no matter what services you use.
• Co-pays are a fixed fee for certain types of office visits, prescriptions, or other types of care, paid at the time of service.
• Deductibles are costs you pay before your insurance kicks in.
• You may also pay coinsurance on some services — for example, your insurance may cover 80%, leaving you responsible for the remaining 20%.
• Many plans also have out-of-pocket maximums: once you hit this number, your insurance will cover all costs.

Out-of-pocket costs can be complicated and take a toll on your budget. Take time to consider what services you may need next year. Then, see what costs might be associated with those services under any plan you’re considering.

Check the provider network

Write down all the providers you or your family may use next year: physicians, specialists, and even specific hospitals, clinics or pharmacies. During open enrollment, review each plan you’re considering to see if your preferences are covered.2

Keep in mind that medical professionals and insurance companies are constantly updating their contracts. Doctors or other professionals who were in-network last year may be out of network next year.

Consider HSAs and FSAs

Health savings accounts and flexible spending accounts (FSAs) allow you to set aside pre-tax dollars to pay for qualified healthcare expenses, such as co-pays, some prescriptions, and some medical equipment. However, these plans aren’t available to everyone. HSAs require enrollment in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) or catastrophic plan, and FSAs are only offered through employers (not available at all companies).

If you plan to use an HSA or FSA, check the contribution limits and rollover policy. It’s also a good idea to confirm that these accounts cover the types of medical expenses you expect in the coming year.

Keep in mind the difference between HMOs and PPOs

With health maintenance organizations (HMOs), you’re generally covered only when you visit doctors within the HMO network. PPOs, on the other hand, often offer some coverage for out-of-network services. HMO networks are smaller, and you’ll likely need to name a primary care doctor who will refer you to any necessary specialists.

These plans also have lower premiums and deductibles. PPOs often have wider networks and don’t require referrals, but they tend to be more expensive.

Make sure your medications are covered

Make a list of your medications and note whether you take name-brand prescription drugs or generic ones. Name-brand or patented drugs can be expensive, so it’s important to find a policy that covers them. Generic drugs are generally less expensive, so you may get more benefits or pay more if your prescriptions are primarily generic.4

Call the insurance provider to find out if the plan you’re considering covers the drugs on your list. Don’t forget to ask about copays for filling and refilling prescriptions.

Stocks vs. Mutual Funds

Both stocks and mutual funds offer ways to build a portfolio, but there are differences in the way they operate, as well as what you can expect in the long run.

A stock represents a share of ownership in a company. When a company such as Tesla (TSLA) or Amazon (AMZN), performs well, those who own the stock benefit. As the company’s business grows, the stock price usually rises with it, allowing investors to sell the shares for a higher price than they bought them at.

Meanwhile, a mutual fund is a pooled investment that contains shares of many different assets. Many mutual funds include a variety of stocks and bonds, often hundreds. When you buy shares of a mutual fund, you get a share of everything it contains.

Additionally, there are index mutual funds that track popular indexes, such as the S&P 500, that can be purchased at a very low cost. Other funds may be actively managed, where a professional chooses what to include in a mutual fund based on various goals, such as growth or income. Actively managed funds come with higher fees and typically underperform passive funds over the long term. You can purchase stocks and mutual funds through a brokerage account. Employer-sponsored retirement plans, such as 401(k)s, invest mostly in mutual funds, so you may own these funds without realizing it.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Stocks

Stocks offer a potentially valuable way to grow your wealth and take advantage of big price fluctuations, but they also have some drawbacks.

Advantages

• Easy to trade — It’s easy to trade individual stocks through an online broker, and many apps make the process seamless.
• Potential for big profits — Depending on how the stock performs, you could earn big profits. This can lead to more wealth in the future.
• Lower trading costs — In many cases, stocks come with low trading costs. Many brokerages don’t charge trading fees for individual stocks.

Disadvantages

• Potential for big losses – While there is potential for big gains, you could also face big losses if the stock price drops and doesn’t come back up.
• Research takes time – It can take time to research stocks and choose the assets that work best for your portfolio.
• Stress – Investing in stocks can feel like an emotional rollercoaster. It’s important to understand your risk tolerance before you start investing.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Mutual Funds

Mutual funds can add some diversity to your portfolio, but they’re not completely safe. Here’s what you need to know.

Advantages

• Can be low-cost – Many mutual funds, especially passively managed index funds, can be low-cost, meaning they don’t charge large expense ratios or fees. Additionally, some brokerages offer their funds with no trading fees.
• Instant diversification – Because you’re investing in a basket of assets, you immediately have diversification, and therefore lower risk, and you don’t need to buy many individual stocks to diversify your portfolio.
• Can be less stressful – In some cases, investing in mutual funds can be less stressful than investing in stocks. Because you have a diversified portfolio of stocks, the fund is likely to be less volatile than if you only owned a handful of stocks.

Disadvantages

• Some funds have sales “loads” – There are mutual funds that charge a fee when you buy or sell shares. These sales loads can cost you money even before you start investing.
• May have high costs – Some funds charge high expense ratios, sometimes more than 1 percent of your investment in the fund annually, but there are low-cost funds available.
• It may not be tax-efficient – If the mutual fund has sold assets and seen a profit, you may see distributions that create taxable gains. So, even if you haven’t sold your mutual fund shares, you may still be subject to capital gains tax.
• May perform less than the market – If you have an actively managed mutual fund or a fund that is managed by a team of traders, it may not perform as well as the market, and you may even lose money. Expense ratios are typically higher for actively managed mutual funds.

Stocks vs. Mutual Funds: Which Investment Is Better?

Whether stocks or mutual funds are better for your portfolio depends on your personal goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon.

For many investors, it may make sense to use mutual funds for long-term retirement portfolios, where diversification and lower risk are important. For those hoping to capture value and potential growth, individual stocks offer a way to enhance returns but come with more volatility.

For beginners who have a small amount to invest: Starting with index mutual funds and making regular contributions can be an effective way to build a portfolio. Later, once you’re more experienced, consider expanding to individual stocks. Consider your goals carefully and create a strategy using investments that will help you get there.

If investing in the stock market seems too risky for you, consider these lower-risk investments for your portfolio.

Conclusion

Stocks represent shares of individual companies, while mutual funds can contain hundreds – or even thousands – of stocks, bond,s or other assets. However, you don’t have to choose one or the other. Both mutual funds and stocks can be used in your portfolio to grow your wealth and help you meet your financial goals. Consider carefully how each may fit your needs and personal investing style.

You might also consider investing in exchange-traded funds, or ETFs. When comparing mutual funds vs. ETFs, you’ll notice a lot of similarities, but there are also differences. Be sure to do your research before investing.